Agrarian Reform in Contemporary Developing Countries by Ghose Ajit Kumar;Ghose Ajit Kumar;

Author:Ghose, Ajit Kumar;Ghose, Ajit Kumar;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group

Notes

1. R. Pankhurst, ‘Nineteenth, Early Twentieth Century Population Guesses’, Ethiopia Observer 5, no. 2 (1961); also Urbanization in Ethiopia, Bulletin no. 9 (Central Statistical Office, Addis Ababa, 1972).

2. There are a number of sound studies of the agrarian question and land tenure systems of Ethiopia. See in particular Allan Hoben, Land Tenure among the Amhara of Ethiopia: The Dynamics of Cognitive Descent (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973); John Markakis, Ethiopia: Anatomy of a Traditional Polity (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974); Addis Hiwet, ‘From Autocracy to Revolution’, Review of African Political Economy (London), Occasional Paper no. 1 (1975); Michael Stahl, Ethiopia: Political Contributions in Agricultural Development (Raben and Sjojrent, Stockholm, 1974): John M. Cohen and Dov Weintraub, Land and Peasant in Imperial Ethiopia (Van Gorcum, Assen, Netherlands, 1975); Patrick Gilkes, The Dying Lion: Feudalism and Modernization in Ethiopia (Julian Friedman, London, 1975); S. F.Nadel, ‘Land Tenure on the Eritrean Plateau’, Africa, vol. XVI (1946); Mahtama Sellassie W/Meskel, ‘Land Tenure and Taxation from Ancient to Modern Times’, Ethiopia Observer 4, no. 5 (1964); John M. Cohen, ‘Peasants and Feudalism in Africa: The Case of Ethiopia’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. VIII, no. 1 (1974).

3. J. Markakis and Nega Ayele, Class and Revolution in Ethiopia (Spokesman Press, Nottingham, 1977).

4. For an interesting discussion of class formation in the southern regions of Ethiopia, see Markakis, Ethiopia, pp. 104-40; Hiwet, ‘From Autocracy to Revolution’, pp. 30-8.

5. Seleshi Wolde Tsadik, Land Ownership in Hararghe Province (Dire Dawa, HSIU, Ethiopia, June 1966), p. 21. This situation was quite widespread in almost all the southern provinces. Data collected for four weredas in Jimma awraja show that before the revolution 0.25 per cent of the total population owned about 18 per cent of the privately held land (Mesfin Kinfu, in Proceedings of the Social Science Seminar (IDR, 1974), p. 159).

6. Net harvest is what remains after the seed for the next harvest is set aside, and after tithes and sometimes taxes are paid on behalf of the landowner. An interesting insight is provided by Amit Bhaduri, who argues that the practice of deducting the required seed for the next harvest before the sharing of the produce implies that the tenant is in effect lending the landowner a part of the working capital, free of interest. See Amit Bhaduri, ‘Agricultural Backwardness under Semi-feudalism’, Economic Journal, vol. 83, no. 1 (1973), pp. 120-4.

7. Branislav, Gossovic, UNCTAD, Conflict and Compromise (A. W. Sijthoff, Leiden, n.d.) pp. 163-4, 282-3.

8.Fassil G. Kiros et al, ‘The Urban Bias of Ethiopia's Development’ in Fassil G. Kiros (ed.), Introduction to Rural Development (Institute of Development Research, Addis Ababa University, 1977), p. 41.

9. Planning Commission Office, Ethiopia, Report on Current Economic Situation in Ethiopia (Addis Ababa, 1976), Appendix 1.1.

10. G.Gill, ‘Improving Traditional Ethiopian Farming Methods: Misconceptions, Bottlenecks and Blind Alleys’, Rural Africana, no. 28 (1975), p. 109.

11. The concentration of oxygen in a grain pit varies according to the level of the grain: the higher the concentration of oxygen, the greater the infestation of grain by insects. Wubshet Teferra, Land Use Study of Ten Farmers at Gende Maya (Dept.

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